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目的分析2007年4起疫情的流行病学特点,探讨边远、少数民族地区预防控制麻疹的有效措施。方法使用卫生部统一印制的疑似麻疹病例调查表,分别对4个疫点的疑似麻疹病例进行个案调查、采集病例血清,用ELISA法检测血清麻疹IgM抗体。结果4个疫点总人口608人,查获麻疹病例30例,罹患率4.93%,男21例,女9例,最大47岁,最小2个月,麻苗免疫史不详21例,有明确麻苗接种1剂次记录者9例。4个疫点的传染源均为带入,无相互传播关系。结论边远贫困地区、高寒山区、少数民族地区以及流动人口中,仍然存在免疫薄弱人群。应进一步适时提高易感人群的免疫接种率,加强疾病监测以及完善流动人口的管理,才能有效预防与控制麻疹疫情的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of four outbreaks in 2007 and discuss the effective measures to prevent and control measles in remote and ethnic minority areas. Methods Using the questionnaire of suspected measles cases printed by the Ministry of Health, the cases of suspected measles in 4 epidemic areas were investigated. Serum samples were collected and serum IgM antibodies were detected by ELISA. Results The total population of 4 epidemic points was 608, with 30 cases of measles being detected. The attack rate was 4.93%. There were 21 males and 9 females, the oldest was 47 years old and the youngest was 2 months. Inoculation 1 dose recorded in 9 cases. The sources of infection in the four epidemic areas were all brought in without mutual communication. Conclusions Among poor remote areas, alpine mountainous areas, ethnic minority areas and floating population, there still exist immunocompromised people. In order to effectively prevent and control the outbreak of measles, it is necessary to further raise the immunization rate of susceptible population in a timely manner, strengthen disease surveillance and improve the management of floating population.