北宋继续沿用唐朝中期的雇佣兵制度，有时也采用征兵制，而南宋的兵源则主要来自召募。医生均由太医局派遣，成员为太医院的医学生和医官。在地方军医院的设置方面，宋代已开始设置地方军医组织（医药院），为军队将士服务。在军事行动中，如何预防敌方投毒，饮用水的选择及有关军粮的保管，当时也都有了许多切实可行的措施。另外，为了预防军队中疫病的发生，太医局还在疫病流行季节，为部队分发常用药物。以上这些措施都在一定程度上提高了军队的战斗力。 Northern Song Dynasty continue to follow the mercenary system in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and sometimes the use of conscription, and the main source of the Southern Song Dynasty recruits from. The doctors are dispatched by the Tai Yi Hospital and the members are medical students and medical officers in Tai hospitals. In terms of the establishment of local military hospitals, the Song Dynasty began to set up local military medical organizations (medical institutions) to serve military personnel. In the course of military operations, how to prevent the enemy from poisoning, the choice of drinking water, and the custody of military rations were also many practical measures at that time. In addition, in order to prevent the outbreak of the disease in the army, the Bureau also distributes commonly used medicines for the troops during the epidemic season. All of these measures have to a certain extent improved the combat effectiveness of the army.