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目的观察新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后5年预防效果。方法对完成3剂次5μg酿酒酵母乙肝疫苗接种及免后抗体检测者5年后进行随访调查,定量检测乙肝表面抗原抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果对初免应答抗-HBs≥100m IU/ml且无乙肝疫苗再接种史的577名儿童检测结果分析,抗-HBs阳性377例、阳性率65.34%,几何平均滴度(GMT)37.75 m IU/ml±88.37 m IU/ml,无乙肝表面抗原(HBs Ag)阳性者。与5年前的初免后检测结果比较,抗-HBs阳性率下降34.66%,年均递减8.16%;GMT下降91.58%,年均递减40.08%。出生体重重、初免应答水平高5年后抗-HBs阳性率高于出生体重轻、初免应答水平低者。结论基因重组乙肝疫苗免疫后5年,免疫效果良好,存在较好的免疫持久性和保护效果。出生体重与初免应答水平可能影响免疫持久性。
Objective To observe the five-year preventive effect of hepatitis B vaccine in neonates after immunization. Methods After 3 doses of 5μg Saccharomyces cerevisiae hepatitis B vaccination and post-immune antibody detection were followed up for 5 years, HBsAg and anti-HBc were detected quantitatively. Results The results of 577 children with anti-HBs ≥100m IU / ml and no history of hepatitis B vaccine re-vaccination showed that the positive rate of anti-HBs was 377, the positive rate was 65.34% and the geometric mean titer (GMT) was 37.75 m IU / ml ± 88.37 m IU / ml, no hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive. The positive rate of anti-HBs decreased by 34.66% and decreased by 8.16% with the average of 91.58% and the average annual decrease of 40.08%. Birth weight, initial immunity response level after 5 years anti-HBs positive rate is higher than the birth weight, the initial response to the low level. Conclusion Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 5 years after immunization, immune effect is good, there is a better immune persistence and protection. Birth weight and initial immune response may affect immune persistence.