目的探讨新生儿医院感染的危险因素及预防措施。方法对我院2006年1～12月住院新生儿618例回顾性调查,采用Logistic回归分析男性早产儿、低体重儿、窒息、重症监护、气管插管(机械通气、反复吸痰)、长期住院及预防性应用抗生素等医院感染危险因素,并分析感染部位的构成比和病原微生物培养的菌属种类。结果618例住院新生儿发生医院感染72例(11.6%),感染部位以呼吸道为主(62.5%),其次为皮肤软组织(12.5%)和消化道(8.3%)。在发生医院感染的72例新生儿中,25例从血液、气管分泌物培养出病原菌,革兰阴性菌占76%,革兰阳性菌占24%,呼吸道分泌物培养肺炎克雷伯菌8株(32%)。同时发现早产儿、低体重儿、重症监护、气管插管感染率高,分别为34.21%、33.80%、41.67%、48.50%。结论气管插管、重症监护、早产儿、低体重儿、窒息、预防性应用抗生素等是新生儿医院感染危险因素。 Objective To explore the risk factors and preventive measures of neonatal hospital infection. Methods A retrospective survey of 618 hospitalized newborns from January to December 2006 in our hospital was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the prevalence of preterm infants, preterm infants, low birth weight infants, asphyxia, intensive care, endotracheal intubation (mechanical ventilation, repeated suctioning) And prophylactic use of antibiotics and other risk factors of hospital infection, and analysis of the composition of the infected part of the ratio and pathogenic microorganisms culture genus. Results Among 618 hospitalized newborns, 72 cases (11.6%) had nosocomial infection and the respiratory tract was mainly 62.5%, followed by soft tissue (12.5%) and gastrointestinal tract (8.3%). Of the 72 neonates who developed nosocomial infections, 25 developed pathogenic bacteria from blood and tracheal secretions, with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 76%, Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 24%, and respiratory secretions cultivating Klebsiella pneumoniae (32%). Also found that premature children, low birth weight children, intensive care, endotracheal intubation infection rates were 34.21%, 33.80%, 41.67%, 48.50%. Conclusion Tracheal intubation, intensive care, premature children, low birth weight children, asphyxia and prophylactic antibiotics are the risk factors of neonatal nosocomial infection.