Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication,along with repetitive and restrictive patterns of behaviors or interests.Normal brain development is crucial to behavior and cognition in adulthood.Abnormal brain development,such as synaptic and myelin dysfunction,is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are important in regulating the processes of brain development,including neuron production and synaptic formation,as well as myelination.Increasing evidence suggests that the level of MAPs are changed in autistic patients and mouse models of ASD.Here,we discuss the roles of MAPs.