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目的了解合肥市中小学教师健康素养知识现状,探讨提高教师健康素养水平的途径和方法,为制定和评价中小学教师健康素养政策和干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法在合肥市10县(市)区对学校教师进行问卷调查,每县(市)区最终抽取中小学10所,对学校中的全部在岗教师进行调查。结果合肥市中小学教师具备健康素养水平为27.9%。具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能水平分别是72.7%、52.8%、31.5%。教师6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为科学健康观83.6%、安全与急救71.9%、传染病预防54.6%、慢性病预防50.1%、健康信息获取48.2%、基本医疗17.2%。城区教师具备健康素养水平与乡镇教师比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性教师具备健康素养水平与女性教师比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),文化程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论虽然合肥市中小学教师健康素养水平高于一般人群,但城乡教师基本医疗、健康信息获取、慢性病预防健康素养知识宣传教育仍需得到加强。
Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy knowledge of primary and secondary school teachers in Hefei and to explore ways and means of improving the quality of teachers’ health literacy so as to provide basis for formulating and evaluating the health literacy policies and interventions for primary and secondary school teachers. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey the school teachers in 10 counties (cities) in Hefei. Finally, 10 primary and secondary schools in each county (city) area were surveyed, and all on-the-job teachers in the schools were investigated. Results Hefei primary and secondary school teachers have a healthy level of 27.9%. With basic knowledge and philosophy, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, their basic skills are 72.7%, 52.8% and 31.5% respectively. The level of quality of teachers’ six kinds of health problems from high to low was 83.6% for scientific health concept, 71.9% for safety and first aid, 54.6% for infectious disease prevention, 50.1% for chronic disease prevention, 48.2% for health information and 17.2% for basic medical care. Urban teachers have the level of health literacy and township teachers, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between male teachers and female teachers in the level of health literacy (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference in age (P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Although the level of health literacy of primary and secondary school teachers in Hefei is higher than that of the general population, the propaganda and education of urban and rural teachers on basic medical care, access to health information and prevention of chronic health literacy still need to be strengthened.