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采用直接酯化法,使用反应型含磷单体合成阻燃聚酯,在酯化产物中加入改性纳米SiO2制备阻燃聚酯/纳米SiO2复合材料,使用热重(TG)分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、X射线能谱(EDS)分析等对复合材料进行分析和研究。LOI测试结果显示,随着磷含量的增加,LOI逐渐上升;当纳米SiO2质量分数大于1.8%时,LOI降低。TG分析结果表明,磷元素的加入促进质量保持率的提高,硅元素的加入提高炭层性能和提高质量保持率。SEM显示,燃烧后的复合材料形成多孔且致密的炭层,抑制热量的传输和扩散。EDS元素分析显示,燃烧后磷、硅元素均匀分布在炭层中,增强炭层性能,从而提高材料的阻燃性能。
The flame retardant polyester was synthesized by the direct esterification method using reactive phosphorus-containing monomer and the modified nano-SiO2 was added to the esterified product to prepare the flame-retardant polyester / nano-SiO2 composite material. TG, SEM, LOI test and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze and study the composites. The LOI test showed that the LOI increased gradually with the increase of phosphorus content. When the mass fraction of nano-SiO2 was more than 1.8%, LOI decreased. The results of TG analysis showed that the addition of phosphorus promoted the improvement of mass retention, the addition of silicon added the carbon layer and improved the quality retention. The SEM shows that the fired composite forms a porous and dense layer of carbon that inhibits heat transfer and diffusion. EDS elemental analysis shows that phosphorus and silicon are uniformly distributed in the carbon layer after burning, which enhances the carbon layer performance and improves the flame retardancy of the material.