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颈动脉钝性损伤的发生率虽低,但死亡率高,易发生于交通事故、扼勒、缢吊、颈部直接外力作用和高坠等案例中。颈动脉钝性损伤有5种基础成伤机制:颈部直接外力作用,颈部过度伸展和旋转,颅底骨折碎片切割,口腔内扁桃体窝处直接外力作用,头胸部复合伤造成颈动脉被牵拉。国外相关研究文献和个案报道较多,而国内未见系统研究,不多的个案报道中,也有错误鉴定案例。本文对颈动脉钝性损伤的致伤方式、解剖学和生物学基础、成伤机制和法医学鉴定注意事项进行综述,希望能引起国内法医技术人员的重视,并为相关研究和应用提供参考。
Although the incidence of blunt carotid artery injury is low, but the mortality rate is high, it is easy to occur in the case of traffic accident, strangulation, hanging crane, direct external force of the neck and high fall. Carotid blunt injury has five basic mechanisms of trauma: direct external force neck, neck over-extension and rotation, skull fracture fragments, direct oral external force in the tonsil fossa, causing head and neck complex injury carotid artery was pulled Pull. There are many foreign related research literature and case reports, but there is no systematic study in China, and few case reports, there are also cases of error identification. This article reviews the ways of injury, anatomy and biology, mechanism of trauma and forensic identification of blunt carotid injury, and hopes to attract the attention of domestic forensic technicians, and provide reference for related research and application.