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以20年(土娄)土小麦-玉米轮作体系长期肥料定位试验为平台,探讨不同施肥模式下土壤化学肥力要素、微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的响应。试验包括不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷(NP)、磷钾(PK)、氮磷钾(NPK)、NPK+秸秆(SNPK)以及不同量有机肥+NPK(M1NPK、M2NPK)等8种施肥模式。结果表明,与CK相比,长期施用氮、磷肥提高土壤有机碳含量达34.0%、全氮34.0%、全磷58.5%、速效磷608.9%、微生物量碳23.3%、微生物量氮54.0%、蔗糖酶活性53.9%、脲酶132.6%、碱性磷酸酶29.9%以及脱氢酶40.9%。NPK处理与NP处理效果相似,钾素效果甚微。作物秸秆还田配合氮、磷、钾化肥与施氮、磷、钾肥相比没有明显影响土壤有机碳、氮和磷水平,但是显著提高微生物量碳的含量(29.5%)、碱性磷酸酶(23.0%)和脱氢酶(26.9%)的活性。有机肥配合氮、磷、钾与其他施肥处理相比,显著提升土壤化学肥力要素,微生物量碳、氮和酶活性,特别是引起了磷素的大量富集(速效磷含量大于150 mg/kg)。因此,(土娄)土不施有机物情况下,氮磷配合可以提高土壤化学和生物肥力,作物秸秆还田配合氮磷钾化肥的培肥效果优于氮磷钾化肥配合,而合理的有机无机肥配合是(土娄)土提升化学肥力和保证土壤生物健康的最佳施肥模式。
Based on the long-term fertilization experiment of 20-year soil-wheat-corn rotation system, the responses of soil chemical fertility factors, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and enzyme activities under different fertilization modes were discussed. The experiment included CK, N, NP, PK, NPK, NPK + straw (SNPK) and NPK (M1NPK, M2NPK ) And other 8 kinds of fertilization mode. The results showed that long-term application of N and P fertilizers increased soil organic carbon content by 34.0%, total N by 34.0%, total phosphorus by 58.5%, available phosphorus by 608.9%, microbial biomass carbon by 23.3%, microbial biomass nitrogen by 54.0% 53.9% of enzyme activity, 132.6% of urease, 29.9% of alkaline phosphatase and 40.9% of dehydrogenase. NPK treatment and NP treatment effect similar to the effect of potassium is minimal. Compared with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the application of crop straw to soil and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers did not significantly affect soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus levels, but significantly increased the content of microbial biomass carbon (29.5%), alkaline phosphatase 23.0%) and dehydrogenase (26.9%). Compared with other fertilization treatments, organic fertilizers combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased soil chemical fertility factors, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and enzyme activities, especially caused a large accumulation of phosphorus (available phosphorus was more than 150 mg / kg ). Therefore, under the condition of no soil organic matter, soil and chemical fertility could be improved by the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the effect of fertilizer application of crop straw returning with NPK fertilizers was better than that of NPK fertilizers. However, reasonable organic-inorganic Fertilizer with (soil Lou) soil to enhance chemical fertility and soil health to ensure optimal fertilization mode.