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以12个风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)品种为研究材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡进行花色描述,利用特征颜色反应确定色素类型,利用UPLC-PAD结合UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析花色苷种类及含量。结果表明,12个品种花瓣中均不含有色的类胡萝卜素,除‘City of Haarlem’和‘Aiolos’以外,均含花色苷。10个含花色苷的品种中,‘Woodstock’花瓣中花色苷含量最高,‘Jan Bos’、‘上农早粉’、‘上农紫红’次之。在这些品种花瓣中共检测到9种花色苷成分,通过与已有文献比对,推定其成分为:天竺葵素3–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–葡萄糖苷5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–乙酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3–O–阿魏酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素3–O–咖啡酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷。‘上农早粉’、‘上农中粉’、‘Gipsy Queen’、‘Marconi’等品种花瓣中仅含天竺葵素花色苷衍生物,其它6个品种则含天竺葵素和矢车菊素的花色苷衍生物,以天竺葵素为主。‘上农早粉’、‘上农中粉’、‘Gipsy Queen’、‘Jan Bos’、‘Marconi’和‘Lady Derby’花瓣花色苷以天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷为主;‘Anna Lisa’、‘Woodstock’花瓣花色苷以天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–乙酰葡萄糖苷为主;‘上农紫红’和‘Sky Line’花瓣花色苷分别以矢车菊素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–丙二酰葡萄糖苷以及天竺葵素3–O–香豆酰葡萄糖苷–5–O–葡萄糖苷为主。
Twelve Hyacinthus orientalis varieties were used as materials to describe the floral color by the Royal Society of Horticulture. The pigment types were determined by characteristic color reaction. The UPLC-PAD combined with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Anthocyanins species and content. The results showed that the 12 varieties of petals do not contain colored carotenoids except for ’City of Haarlem’ and ’Aiolos’, all containing anthocyanins. Of the 10 varieties with anthocyanins, the highest content of anthocyanin in ’Woodstock’ petals was followed by ’Jan Bos’, ’Shangnongzaofen’ and ’Shangnongzihong’. Nine kinds of anthocyanins were detected in the petals of these cultivars. Compared with the existing literatures, the constituents were presumed to be pelargonid 3-O-glucoside, pelargonid 3-O-glucoside 5-O-malonyl Glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O- 5-O-acetyl glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5-O-malonyl glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5 -O-malonyl glucoside, pelargonid 3-O-feruloyl glucoside-5-O-malonyl glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-caffeoyl glucoside-5-O-malonyl glucose Glycosides. There are only pelargonid anthocyanin derivatives in the petals of ’Shangnong Zaofan’, ’Shangnongzhongfen’, ’Gipsy Queen’ and ’Marconi’. The other six varieties contain pelargonid and cyanidin Glycosides derivatives, mainly pelargonid. ’Shangnong Zaofan’, ’Shangnongzhongfen’, ’Gipsy Queen’, ’Jan Bos’, ’Marconi’ and ’Lady Derby’ petal anthocyanins with pelargonidin 3-O-Coumaranyl Glucoside-5- O-malonyl glucoside mainly; ’Anna Lisa’, ’Woodstock’ petal anthocyanins with pelargonidin 3-O-coumaric glucoside -5-O-acetyl glucoside mainly; The “Sky Line” petal anthocyanins were labeled with cyanidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5-O-malonylglycoside and pelargonidin 3-O-coumarate glucoside-5-O-glucose Glycosides.