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几江长江大桥为主跨600 m双索面悬索桥,南岸采用重力锚,北岸采用隧道锚,单根主缆拉力1.08×105k N。北岸隧道锚位于侏罗系上统遂宁组地层上,岩性主要为泥岩,具有岩性软、埋深浅的特点。为研究隧道锚的承载力和变形特征,开展了1/10的大型原位缩尺模型试验,首次采用微机伺服控制与数据采集系统,成功地使模型锚达到极限破坏,并获得了各部位应力应变全过程曲线,是国内软岩隧道锚模型试验最成功的案例。本文详细介绍了缩尺模型试验的方法及技术特点,包括模型锚场地选择、地质条件一致性论证、模型锚结构设计与制作、施力方式、荷载伺服控制技术、变形监测技术等。
The main span of 600m double-cable suspension bridge with several meters of Yangtze River Bridge is gravitational anchor on the south bank and tunnel anchor on the north bank. The pulling force of single main cable is 1.08 × 105k N. The North Shore Tunnel Anchor is located on the Suining Formation of the Jurassic System. The lithology is mainly mudstone with soft lithology and shallow burial depth. In order to study the bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of tunnel anchors, a 1/10 large-scale in-situ scale model test was carried out. For the first time, the model anchor was reached to the ultimate failure by using the microcomputer servo control and data acquisition system. The whole process of strain curve is the most successful case of the anchor model test of soft rock tunnel in China. In this paper, the method and technical features of scale model test are introduced in detail, including the selection of model anchor site, the consistency of geological conditions, the design and manufacture of model anchor structure, the method of application of force, the load servo control technology and the deformation monitoring technology.