近些年高中弃考人数越来越多,其中大部分学生来自农村,引起社会关注。基于罗尔斯正义两原则,即公平原则和差别原则来探究农村高中生弃考的原因,进一步破除制度藩篱,发挥补偿机制和机会平等机制的作用,建设一个更加公平正义的社会,为处于底层的人畅通上升渠道,有利于实现阶层垂直流动和增加整个社会的福利。 In recent years, more and more people have dropped out of high school, most of whom are from rural areas, causing public concern. Based on the two principles of Rawls’ justice, that is, the principle of fairness and difference, this paper explores the reasons why rural high school students abandon their exams, further breaks down the system barriers, gives play to the compensation mechanism and equal opportunity mechanism, builds a more fair and equitable society, The smooth flow of people is conducive to achieving the vertical mobility of classes and increasing the welfare of the entire community.