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为避免高压气瓶带来的人身安全问题、不便携问题和污染工作气体排放问题,气体探测器已由流气型转化为密闭型。密闭型气体探测器可拓展气体探测器的应用范围,提高气体探测器竞争力,其缺点是腔内杂质气体会累积,影响探测器的性能(增益、分辨率和效率)和出现高压打火。本文采用螺旋弹簧密封实现密闭腔的动态高真空密封,采用铝和不锈钢复合板过渡实现铝和不锈钢焊接,采用高温烘烤、真空泵组抽高真空等方法实现密闭腔体净化,尤其是将铝表面微弧氧化技术用于真空腔体的净化。密闭腔微弧氧化后的杂质气体生成率相比未氧化的降低12.1%,杂质气体中氢气含量降低36%,水蒸气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量几乎下降1个数量级。腔体1a内产生的杂质气体含量为0.006%,2个月内产生的水分含量为0.000 5%,可保证探测器2个月内不发生高压打火。研制出的密闭腔体满足中子谱仪密闭型气体探测器物理要求。
In order to avoid personal safety problems caused by high-pressure gas cylinders, inconvenient to carry the problem and pollution of working gas emissions, gas detectors have been transformed from a flow-type to a closed type. Closed-ended gas detectors can expand the scope of application of gas detectors to improve the competitiveness of gas detectors, the disadvantage is the accumulation of impurities in the cavity gas, the performance of the detector (gain, resolution and efficiency) and the emergence of high-pressure ignition. In this paper, the sealing of airtight chamber with a high-vacuum sealed by a helical spring was achieved. The aluminum and stainless steel clad plate was used for the transitional welding of aluminum and stainless steel. The high-temperature baking and high-vacuum pumping of the vacuum pump were used to purify the closed chamber. Micro-arc oxidation technology for vacuum chamber purification. The formation rate of impurity gas after micro-arc oxidation in airtight chamber is reduced by 12.1% compared with that in non-oxidation, the content of hydrogen in impurity gas is reduced by 36%, and the content of water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is almost reduced by one order of magnitude. The impurity gas content in the cavity 1a is 0.006%, and the moisture content in two months is 0.0005%, which ensures that the detector does not cause high-pressure ignition within 2 months. Developed closed chamber to meet the neutron spectrometer confined gas detector physical requirements.