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Dihydrotanshinone I (DI),a naturally occurring compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,has been reported to have cytotoxicity to a variety of tumor cells.In this study,we investigated its anti-angiogenic capacity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.DI induced a potent cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells,with an IC50 value of approximately 1.28 μg/ml.At 0.25.1 μg/ml,DI dose-dependently suppressed human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration,invasion,and tube formation detected by wound healing,Transwell invasion and Matrigel tube formation assays,respectively.Moreover,DI showed significant in vivo anti-angiogenic activity in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay.DI induced a 61.1% inhibitory rate of microvessel density at 0.2 μg/egg.Taken together,our results showed that DI could inhibit angiogenesis through suppressing endothelial cell proliferation,migration,invasion and tube formation,indicating that DI has a potential to be developed as a novel anti-angiogenic agent.