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目的：研究凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2、p53在口腔正常粘膜、上度异常增生和鳞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学S－P法检测10例正常口腔粘膜、10例单纯性增生上皮、30例异常增生上皮和33例鳞癌石蜡包埋组织中bcl－2、p53的表达。结果：正常粘膜和上皮单纯增生组织中未见p53阳性表达。异常增生上皮和鳞癌组织中p53阳性率分别为33．33％和45．45％，与正常组和单纯增生组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。bcl-2在正常粘膜、单纯增生和异常增生白斑表达情况基本一致，显弱阳性表达且局限于基底层细胞，鳞癌组织中bcl－2表达明显高于正常组和白斑组（P＜0．05）。两种指标的进一步相关分析显示，癌前病变组两种蛋白的出现无相关，鳞癌组p53和bcl－2的表达呈明显的正相关。结论：口腔癌发生的早期p53基因作用较明显，bcl－2基因则在口腔癌发生的后期和突变型P53共同作用，在促进肿瘤细胞异常增殖的同时，进一步抑制细胞的凋亡导致肿瘤的发生。
Objective: To study the expression and significance of apoptosis related protein bcl-2 and p53 in oral mucosa, supratentorial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 and p53 in 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, 10 cases of simple hyperplastic epithelium, 30 cases of dysplastic epithelium and 33 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Results: No p53 positive expression was observed in normal mucosa and epithelial hyperplasia. The positive rates of p53 in dysplasia epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma were 33.33% and 45.45%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in normal group and simple hyperplasia group (P <0.05). The expression of bcl-2 in normal mucosa, simple hyperplasia and dysplasia was basically the same, the expression of bcl-2 was weakly positive and confined to the basal cells, the expression of bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal and leukoplakia (P <0. 05). Further correlation analysis of the two indicators showed that there was no correlation between the occurrence of two proteins in precancerous lesions, and the expression of p53 and bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The early p53 gene in oral cancer is more obvious. The bcl-2 gene cooperates with mutant P53 in the late stage of oral carcinogenesis, which can promote the abnormal proliferation of tumor cells and further inhibit the apoptosis of the cells leading to the tumorigenesis .