论文部分内容阅读
【目的】研究不同生育时期甘蓝型油菜光合性状杂种优势的真实表现,为油菜的高光效育种提供理论依据。【方法】以4套在生产中大面积应用的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育杂种F1(杂油59、秦优7号、秦杂油3号、秦杂油1号)及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期比较了其光合面积、主要气体交换参数、群体生长量、群体生长速率、叶绿素含量等光合性状的杂种优势及其亲子相关性。【结果】①在整个生育期内,甘蓝型油菜杂种F1在光合面积、群体生长量方面都有明显的正向杂种优势,主要气体交换参数在一定时期内有明显正向优势,叶绿素含量无明显的杂种优势,群体生长速率则在大多时期表现为明显的负向杂种优势。②甘蓝型油菜各个光合性状之间的杂种优势表现为:光合面积(平均中亲优势(MP)57.02%,平均超亲优势(HP)39.46%)>群体生长量(MP 41.77%,HP32.39%)>主要气体交换参数(MP 2.70%,HP-3.72%)>叶绿素含量(MP 1.75%,HP-0.52%)>群体生长速率(MP-4.14%,HP-17.47%)。③不同生育时期间的杂种优势表现:光合面积为蕾臺期>角果期>花期>苗期;主要气体交换参数中的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)为:蕾薹期>花前-花中>苗期>角果期>花后期,气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)为:角果期>花后期>花前-花中>蕾臺期>苗期;群体生长量为角果期>花期>蕾臺期>苗期;群体生长速率为:花期>角果期>苗期>臺期>越冬期;叶绿素含量为:臺期>花期>苗期>角果期>终花期。④双亲尤其是母本、双亲中值和高亲的光合性状与F1的光合性状极显著相关。【结论】通过选育高光效亲本,结合杂种优势利用进行油菜的高光效育种具有一定的意义和可行性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the true performance of the heterosis of photosynthetic traits of Brassica napus at different growth stages and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of rape by high light efficiency. 【Method】 Four sets of hybrid cytoplasmic male sterility F1 hybrids (hybrid oil 59, Qinyou 7, Qinchayou 3, Qinchayou 1) and their parents were used as materials in a large area of production. The photosynthetic area, main gas exchange parameters, population growth, population growth rate, chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic traits heterosis and their parent-child correlation were compared at different growth stages. [Results] ① in the whole growth period, Brassica napus F1 hybrid in photosynthetic area, population growth has obvious positive aspects of heterosis, the main gas exchange parameters in a given period significant positive advantage, no chlorophyll content The heterosis, the population growth rate in most of the time showed significant negative heterosis. ②The heterosis of photosynthetic traits in Brassica napus was: photosynthetic area (average MP 57.02%, average HP 39.46%)> population growth (MP 41.77%, HP 32.39 The main gas exchange parameters (MP 2.70%, HP-3.72%)> chlorophyll content (MP 1.75%, HP-0.52%)> population growth rate (MP-4.14%, HP- 17.47%). (3) The heterosis during different growth stages: the photosynthetic area was in the order of the bud stage> the fruit stage> the flowering stage> the seedling stage; The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate Tr and stomatal conductance (Gs) were as follows: flowering stage> anthesis-flowering> seedling> anthesis stage> flowering stage, stomatal limitation value (Ls) and water use efficiency (WUE) The flowering stage> anthesis> anthesis> bud stage> seedling stage. The population growth was in the order of anthesis stage> flowering stage> bud stage> seedling stage, and the population growth rate was: flowering stage> apricot stage> seedling stage> Overwintering; chlorophyll content: Taiwan stage> flowering> seedling stage> Kok stage> flowering stage. ④ parents, especially the female parent, the parents of the median and high pro-photosynthetic characteristics and F1 photosynthetic characteristics were significantly correlated. 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance and feasibility to breed high photoperiod parents and combine heterosis with high light efficiency breeding of rape.