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本文介绍了哺乳动物的三个主要的DNA聚合酶及其生物功能的研究进展,特别是1975年以后的研究进展。简要地比较了DNA聚合酶α、β、γ的物理化学性质和生物化学性质,并选择有说服力的材料阐明了DNA聚合酶α是负责DNA复制的主要聚合酶;DNA聚合酶β在DNA修复中发挥作用;而DNA聚合酶γ通过单链置换合成(single strand displacment synthesis)在线粒体中起复制作用,在细胞核中则可能起基因放大等作用。
This article describes the research progress of mammalian three major DNA polymerases and their biological functions, especially the research progress since 1975. The physico-chemical properties and biochemical properties of DNA polymerase α, β, γ were briefly compared and convincing materials were selected to clarify that DNA polymerase α is the main polymerase responsible for DNA replication. DNA polymerase β ; And DNA polymerase γ plays a role in mitochondrial replication through single strand displacement synthesis, and may play a role in gene amplification in the nucleus.