论文部分内容阅读
微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是广泛存在于动植物中的一类不编码蛋白质的短小的单链RNA分子,一般由22个核苷酸组成,它们可以特异性地结合mRNA并通过降解或抑制其翻译而在转录后水平调控基因表达。miRNA的表达及功能可影响许多表观遗传学特征,其功能涉及细胞的发生、生长、发育、分化和凋亡过程,在肿瘤的形成和进展过程中扮演重要角色。microRNA-214(miRNA-214,miR-214)参与肝癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、恶性黑色素瘤、胃癌、胶质瘤、儿童骨肉瘤等恶性肿瘤的发生发展,以及与肿瘤细胞的侵袭及转移密切相关。miRNA-214在不同的肿瘤中表达水平并不相同,miRNA-214在不同肿瘤中的差异表达是通过调控某个或者某些癌基因及抑癌基因而实现其参与肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭及转移的作用。因此,本文主要通过阅读大量国内外文献,总结和概括了miRNA-214参与部分恶性肿瘤发生发展的机制。虽然目前对于miRNA的理论研究已经日渐完善和成熟,但是怎样将这些研究结果应用于临床,怎样能够更准确、更便捷的通过对miRNA的检测达到对疾病的诊断、治疗以及预后评估,想必一定会成为将来研究的热点,我们期待一种新型的恶性肿瘤的分子标志物会使越来越多的肿瘤患者获益。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, class of single-stranded RNA molecules that do not code for proteins, which are widely found in animals and plants. They are typically composed of 22 nucleotides that specifically bind to mRNA and inhibit or degrade Translational regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. The expression and function of miRNA can affect many epigenetic features. Its function involves the process of cell growth, growth, differentiation, differentiation and apoptosis, and plays an important role in tumor formation and progression. MicroRNA-214 (miRNA-214, miR-214) is involved in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, malignant melanoma, gastric cancer, glioma and childhood osteosarcoma, And the transfer is closely related. The expression level of miRNA-214 in different tumors is not the same. The differential expression of miRNA-214 in different tumors is involved in the development, invasion and metastasis of tumor by regulating one or some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes Role. Therefore, this paper summarizes and summarizes the mechanisms by which miRNA-214 participates in the development of some malignant tumors mainly through reading a large number of domestic and foreign literatures. Although the theoretical research on miRNA has been perfected and matured at present, how to apply these findings to clinic can be more accurate and convenient to diagnose, treat and prognose the disease by miRNA detection, As a hot topic in the future, we expect that a new type of malignant tumor molecular marker will benefit more and more cancer patients.