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交通运输网络是经济发展的重要保障,分析可达性空间格局差异对引导人口分布和交通设施合理建设具有重要意义。以中国2 317个县级行政区域为研究对象,采用加权平均旅行时间法,通过构建可达性指标分析了公路、铁路、机场、港口及综合交通的空间格局。结果表明:公路可达性形成了以郑州、武汉、合肥为中心的“核心-外围”模式;铁路形成了以京沪线为轴线,沿铁路干线分布的带状结构,最优区已南移至合肥及南京;机场可达性形成了以各个枢纽机场为核心的“轴-辐”结构;港口可达性由沿海向内陆降低;综合交通可达性由东向西降低,具有反自然梯度特征。4种交通方式的可达性总体水平较高,约有70%的县域超过平均水平,与人口分布具有一定的相似性,东部城市高于西部城市,但存在区域内的不均衡现象。最后对各交通方式出现的问题提出了一些针对性建议。
Transportation network is an important guarantee for economic development. Analyzing the differences in spatial pattern of accessibility is of great significance to guide the population distribution and reasonable construction of transportation facilities. Taking the 2 317 county-level administrative regions in China as the research object, the weighted average travel time method was used to analyze the spatial pattern of highways, railways, airports, harbors and integrated traffic by constructing reachability index. The results show that the accessibility of the highway has formed a “core-periphery” mode centered on Zhengzhou, Wuhan and Hefei. The railway has formed a ribbon structure with the Beijing-Shanghai line as the axis and distributed along the railway trunk. The optimal zone has been South to Hefei and Nanjing. Airport accessibility formed a “hub-spoke” structure with hubs at the hubs. Port accessibility declined from the coast to the interior. Comprehensive transport accessibility decreased from east to west , With anti-natural gradient features. The overall accessibility of the four transport modes is high, with about 70% of the counties exceeding the average level and having some similarities with the population distribution. The eastern cities are higher than the western cities, but there are imbalances in the region. In the end, some suggestions are put forward on the problems that occur in each mode of transportation.