:17～ 18世纪的欧洲正值新旧文化交替的时代 ,学者们把研究中国文化同抗拒宗教愚昧、怀疑皇权神圣统一起来 ,从而形成了一股“中国文化热” ,产生了具有代表性的三种中国文化观 :以培尔、莱布尼茨、伏尔泰为代表的由比较而认同赞赏中国文化 ;以马勒伯朗士、维柯、休谟、孟德斯鸠为代表的由比较而批评中国文化 ;以狄德罗、魁奈为代表的“百科全书派”和“重农学派”则整合上述两说而对中国文化作出了理性的批判与评估。这种由赞赏到指斥最后臻于理性评估的正、反、合过程表明西方对中国文化的认识在不断深化 : In the 17th and 18th centuries, Europe was in an age of alternating old and new cultures. Scholars unite the study of Chinese culture with religious ignorance and suspicion of the imperial power. As a result, a “Chinese culture fever” has emerged and three representative three The Chinese cultural viewpoints: Appreciation of Chinese culture represented by comparison, represented by Peer, Leibniz and Voltaire; by comparison, represented by Mabel Berger, Vico, Hume, Montesquieu Criticism of Chinese culture; “Encyclopedia School” and “School of Agribusiness” represented by Diderot and Quesnay combine these two theories and make a rational critique and assessment of Chinese culture. This process of admiration, reprisal and reneging, which finally reaches the rational assessment by appreciation, shows that the western understanding of Chinese culture is deepening