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为了达到最低限度使用或不用农药防治害虫,保护柑桔园的害虫天敌并发挥它们防治害虫的作用,作者于1979年开始种植了一个柑桔园进行观察试验。果苗全部经消除黄龙病及溃疡病处理,果园面积一亩一分地,种植以甜橙为主的柑桔110株。经过5年多的观察,黄龙病及溃疡病未见发生外,五年中除第一、二年使用过杀螨剂及柴油乳剂在部分柑桔树中治红蜘蛛外,全园未使用过合成杀虫剂。五年中广东常见的22种害虫已陆续进入试验园,除锈蜘蛛在1983、1984年全园发生过外,未见有其他害虫在全园发生到需要使用药剂防治的水平。 1981—1982年柑桔粉虱曾由于附近网室大量发生蔓延到部分树上,但4个月后由于天敌控制迅即下降。该虫主要受蚜小蜂Prospaltella lahorensis H.控制。在试验园中寄生率达到56％以上,而滥施农药的柑桔园寄生率在5％以下,调查试验结果证明在广东正常情况下粉虱不是一种需要防治的害虫,但是在使用农药不当时,随时可以引起大发生。柑桔红蜘蛛(全爪螨)在试验园中仅在第一、二年在部分树上发生,释放钝绥螨Amblyseius deleoni及A.necolsi控制取得成功。5年中全园红蜘蛛密度没有超过平均每叶2头的防治指标。试验证明钝绥螨是控制红蜘蛛的有效天敌,在平均每叶超过0.2头钝绥螨的柑桔园,可以完全受控制。速灭杀丁是破坏红蜘蛛生态平衡的典型药剂,在3000,5000,10000倍液喷射1-2次后20天内红蜘蛛直线上升(见图一曲线b),5年的观察证明红蜘蛛在正常情况下,不受农药的影响时在柑桔园中可以长期处于防治指标以下(见图一,曲线a)。利用七月底八月初潜叶蛾低峰期放秋梢是控制柑桔潜叶蛾为害的有效措施。在试验园中五年来都利用这一措施放梢,没有使用过农药。在没有病原的柑桔园中柑桔木虱并不是一种需要防治的害虫,在试验园中木虱(自卵—羽化)存活率仅0.43％—0.8％,而每年使用12—18次杀虫剂的柑桔园存活率达2.2—17.5％,黄龙病树由于不定期放梢可以大大增加木虱的发生量。锈蜘蛛是试验园中存在的最严重害虫,杀蚜素可以有效地抑制该螨。从试验园的结果证明,以自然控制为主的柑桔害虫综合防治,可以收到经济、生态、社会效益,是一种值得推广的柑桔害虫防治措施。
In order to achieve the minimum use of pest control with or without pesticides, to protect natural enemies of pests in citrus orchards and to exert their role of controlling pests, an citrus orchard was planted in 1979 for observation. All seedlings by eliminating the treatment of yellow dragon and ulcer disease, an acre of orchard area, planting sweet orange-based citrus 110. After more than 5 years of observation, Huanglong disease and ulcer disease did not occur, in addition to the first five years, the first two years of use of acaricide and diesel emulsion in part of the citrus tree governance red spider, the whole park has not been used Synthetic pesticides. In the five years, 22 kinds of common pests in Guangdong have gradually entered the test garden. The rust spiders occurred outside the whole park in 1983 and 1984, and no other pests occurred in the whole garden to prevent the need of using pesticides. Occurrence of citrus whitefly in 1981-1982 due to a large number of nearby network rooms spread to some trees, but four months after the control of natural enemies immediately declined. The insects are mainly controlled by the aphids Prospaltella lahorensis H. Parasitism rate in the test garden reached 56%, while the excessive use of pesticide citrus orchards in the parasitic rate of 5% or less, the survey results show that the normal situation in Guangdong whitefly is not a need to control pests, but the use of pesticides is not At any time, can cause big happen. Citrus red spider mites (Alligator mites) occurred in some trees only in the first year and two years in the park, and the control of Amblyseius deleoni and A. necolsi was successful. 5 years in the park spider moth density did not exceed the average prevention and control index of 2 heads per leaf. Tests have shown that Amblyseius is an effective natural predator controlling spider mites and can be completely controlled at citrus orchards of more than 0.2 Amblyseius per leaf. Speed kill Ding is the destruction of spider mite ecological balance of the typical agents, 3000, 5000, 10000 times sprayed 1-2 times within 20 days after the red spider straight up (see Figure a curve b), 5 years of observation shows that spider mite Under normal circumstances, citrus orchards can be long-term controlled indicators (Figure 1, curve a) when not affected by pesticides. It is an effective measure to control the damage of citrus leaf moth by using the autumn shoots at the peak of the leafhopper in late July and early August. In the experimental garden in the past five years have used this measure to put shoots, no pesticides used. Citrus psyllid is not a pest to be controlled in pathogen-free citrus orchards. The survival rate of psyllids (egg-eclosion) is only 0.43% -0.8% in the test garden, with 12-18 killings per year Pesticide citrus orchard survival rate of 2.2-17.5%, Huanglong diseased trees due to irregular shoots can greatly increase the occurrence of psylla. Rust spiders are the most serious pests present in the test garden, and killing aphids can effectively suppress the mites. The results from the test garden proved that the comprehensive control of citrus pests with natural control can receive economic, ecological and social benefits and is worth promoting.