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英格兰风土建筑的研究成型于2 0世纪中叶,此前很少有人将其视为值得研究的历史对象。文章回溯了该领域研究的缘起与发展脉络,强调了研究进程中体制和立法的作用,同时考虑了更为广泛的文化影响,譬如流传甚久的英国人与乡村遗产的深情款款。自中世纪以降,社会和经济流动性日益增高,故在这部分将风土地位问题置于社会的影响中考量。文章试图解析风土“合法化”的一系列阶段,亦即其如何自默默无闻、被轻视的过去被提升为公认体现珍贵传统价值、稳定性,以及地区或国家身份的载体。继而讨论了风土研究如何成为一个独立的学科,并特别关注了其方法论的发展,尤在于风土建筑材料和社会实体方面的辨别、断代、分析和诠释等日益复杂精密的程序中涉及到的田野实录、档案调查与科学研究。英国的情况从历史性或史学性的角度来看,并不能代表世界各地风土传统的情况;研究人员大多从历史角度而非人类学角度进行研究;但是英国业已形成的方法论,为不同环境下的风土建筑研究提供了有益的参照和指导。
The study of England’s terroir has been shaped by the middle of the 20th century and few people regard it as a historical object worthy of study. The article reviews the origins and development of research in this area, emphasizing the role of institutions and legislation in the research process, while taking into account broader cultural influences, such as the deep-rooted British and rural patrons. Since the Middle Ages, the social and economic mobility has been on the rise. Therefore, in this part, the issue of the territorial integrity is put under the influence of society. The article tries to analyze a series of stages of terroir “legalization ”, that is, how it has gone from no obscurity to being obscured, and the despised past has been elevated to a carrier that is universally recognized as a manifestation of precious traditional values, stability and regional or national identity. It then discusses how the study of terroir has become an independent discipline, paying particular attention to the development of its methodology, particularly in the field of increasingly complex and sophisticated procedures such as identification, dating, analysis and interpretation of terroir building materials and social entities , File investigation and scientific research. The situation in the United Kingdom, from a historical or historiographical point of view, does not represent the traditions of the territories in different parts of the world. Researchers mostly study from a historical perspective rather than an anthropological perspective. However, the established methodologies in the United Kingdom have been developed under different circumstances The study of terroir architecture provides a useful reference and guidance.