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随着脑血管病治疗的进展,卒中后死亡率显著下降。但是在长期存活的卒中患者中,抑郁、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、认知功能障碍这3个卒中后常见的并发症在很大程度上影响其生活质量。本文综述了近年来以上3大卒中后并发症的发病情况、诊断及治疗原则。其中,卒中后抑郁的确诊率很低,需要及时发现并综合运用心理治疗、药物治疗和康复训练等多种治疗手段;睡眠障碍的并发可直接影响卒中复发率,需要经过睡眠监测,经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗是有效的治疗方法;认知障碍也是一个与患者预后明显相关的因素。发现此3种并发症后应采取积极治疗,否则会显著增加脑血管病复发、死亡、残疾的风险,同时对患者生活质量、人际关系及社会功能有着严重的不良影响。
With the progress of treatment of cerebrovascular disease, post-stroke mortality decreased significantly. However, in the long-term survival of stroke patients, depression, obstructive sleep apnea, cognitive dysfunction, three common post-stroke complications in a large extent affect their quality of life. This article reviews the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke complications in recent 3 years. Among them, the diagnosis of post-stroke depression is very low, the need for timely detection and comprehensive use of psychological treatment, drug treatment and rehabilitation training and other means of treatment; sleep disorders can directly affect the recurrence rate of stroke, need to go through sleep monitoring, nasal continuous Positive airway pressure therapy is an effective treatment; cognitive impairment is also a significant prognostic factor. Active treatment should be taken after the three complications are found. Otherwise, the risk of recurrence, death and disability of cerebrovascular diseases will be significantly increased. At the same time, the quality of life, interpersonal relationship and social function of patients will be seriously adversely affected.