目的:对上颌窦外侧壁手术入路相关结构进行显微外科解剖学研究,为手术入路提供解剖学基础。方法:利用30例经福尔马林固定的国人成人尸头完全模拟经上颌窦入路解剖,对上颌窦外侧壁进行了详细地显微解剖、观察、拍摄、测量和统计。结果与结论:上颌窦后侧壁结构复杂,有重要的神经和血管经过,是颅前、中窝与鼻腔、窦肿瘤互相蔓延的通道。 OBJECTIVE: To study the microsurgical anatomy of the surgical approach to the lateral maxillary sinus wall and to provide an anatomical basis for surgical approach. Methods: Thirty cases of adult cadaver heads fixed by formalin were used to simulate the maxillary sinus anatomy completely. The outer wall of the maxillary sinus was dissected, observed, photographed, measured and statistically detailed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The posterior wall of the maxillary sinus is complex and has important nerves and blood vessels passing through it. It is a channel that the cranial antrum, the mid-fossa, the nasal cavity and the sinus tumor spread to each other.