从正常细胞演变成癌细胞是一个十分复杂的过程。癌细胞有其独特的细胞生物学特性,其产生的某些物质不仅存在于细胞内或细胞表面,还能分泌排入周围体液。临床上通过测定这些与癌相关的“肿瘤”标记物,可以帮助诊断或提示存有某些肿瘤。肿瘤标记物的本质包括分泌蛋白,细胞表面分子,激 The evolution from normal cells to cancer cells is a very complicated process. Cancer cells have unique cell biological characteristics. Some of the substances produced by them not only exist in the cells or on the cell surface, but also secrete into the surrounding body fluids. Clinically, these cancer-associated “tumor” markers can be used to help diagnose or suggest the presence of certain tumors. The nature of tumor markers includes secretory proteins, cell surface molecules, and