孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》(以下简称《望》)与苏辙的《上枢密韩太尉书》(以下简称《上》)是新版初中语文教材中的新添篇目,一诗一文,都是“干谒”(乞求仕宦)的文字,但都不露“干谒”的俗相,特别是在结构行文上有异曲同工之妙。一、从动机背景看起笔。《望》诗由“八月湖水平”的“湖水”为突破口;《上》文以“辙生好为文”,然后提出文与“气”的关系:“文者气之所形。然文不可以学而能,气可以养而致。”以此起笔,起势突兀,立意不凡。两篇均在开头避免 Meng Haoran’s “Let’s Watch Dongting Lake Give Zhang Yixiang” (hereinafter referred to as “Wan”) and Su Shi’s “Shang Mi Han Tai Tai Shu” (hereinafter referred to as “Shang”) is a new addition to the junior middle school Chinese textbooks, one poem and one article. All of them are the words of “cognac” (puping for official officials), but they do not reveal the familiar aspects of “dry up”, especially in the structural writings. First, look at the pen from the motivational background. The poem “Want” is made up of the “lake water” of the “Lake August level”; the “above” text uses “recognizes the good as the essay” and then puts forward the relationship between the text and “qi”: The essay cannot be learned but energy can be given.” From this point onwards, the situation began to rise and the idea was extraordinary. Both are avoided at the beginning