We proposed a novel impact pneumatic cylinder with a reservoir connected to the inlet chamber so that the pneumatic cylinder can achieve a high speed. A reservoir with high-pressure air enabled the cylinder to achieve considerable acceleration when it began to work. We established a mathematical model to simulate the behaviors of an impact pneumatic cylinder, focusing on the relationships of the maximum piston speed with the air supply pressure and the reservoir volume. The results show that the reservoir can help significantly enhance the pneumatic system velocity. When the reservoir volume is less than double the cylinder volume, an increase in the reservoir volume is more effective in increasing the maximum piston velocity.