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多本汉英词典列出了“学历”的几种英译(education status、educational background、resume of one’s education、schooling record、record of formal schooling、 academic qualification、academic credentials),可是英汉词典里却没有一个可与“学历”对得上的词条,可见“学历”是中国特有的一个概念。
美国有很多专门赚钱骗人的野鸡大学(bogus colleges; diploma mills),不少名字挺吓唬人,如American National University、American Central University、American Global University、American South International University、Central State University of New York等。要取得這些学校的文凭(diploma,旧称parchment,也就是学位证书diploma of academic degrees)很容易,不需要上课就可得到成绩单等选课的证明文件,只要交一篇论文就能拿到学位,而且论文可以用中文写,会有人帮你翻译。不少野鸡大学出售各种文凭,有的甚至明码标价(openly list prices),有的学校的“博士学位证书”只要2585美元即可搞定(get it settled)。
野鸡大学之所以有生意,是因为学历造假(fabrication of academic credentials)和我们这个学历社会有关(a society where a diploma is of paramount importance; a society obsessed with academic degrees)。找工作首先要看学历,实际本事反倒排到了第二位。“唯文凭主义”(diploma above everything else)带来的另一个苦果是,不管条件是否成熟,各大学争着招收研究生,因而许多“博士不博”,名不副实(many doctorate holders are not worthy of their academic degrees),说得好听点是“含金量降低”(with much lower gold content,意为without much real worth),也就是学位贬值(devaluation of academic degrees),因此生产出了大量“注水文凭”(diluted diploma,往猪肉里注水是inject water into pork),除了增长人们的虚荣心(vanity)之外,对社会没有任何好处。
有人讽刺现在的大学说:“教授越来越多,教书的越来越少;博士越来越多,博学的越来越少;恋爱的越来越多,恋学的越来越少;钻营的越来越多,钻研的越来越少。”(There are more professors but fewer of them really teach; there are more doctors but fewer of them are really learned; there are more people in universities engaging themselves in courting and love affairs rather than in studying; and there are more people good at seeking personal gains rather than at gaining professional proficiencies.)
还有一个现象,一些人当了官,还要给自己再戴上一顶“博士”的帽子,名片上有个“博士”头衔,脸上也有了光彩(gain good face),被人讽刺为“仕而优则学”(high officials apt to assume academic titles to themselves),不是“学而优则仕”(a good scholar will make a good official)。
要彻底解决这一问题,用人制度(system of employment)须有所改革,更需要社会观念的改变。
2010年在网上走红(a hit on the internet)的“学历姐”和“学历哥”的故事曾引起了很大争议。“学历姐”指华中师大的研究生王丽,她竟然在16年里取得了7个高等院校文凭,包括3个专科(junior college)、3个本科(undergraduate)和1个硕士文凭。她说,如果有机会,她还要争取拿博士学位。“学历哥”指南京航空航天大学54岁的博士生导师朱进东教授,他于2010年考入南京大学,再度成为博士生。在绝大多数人为了功利(fame and wealth; official position and material gain)而攻读学位甚至造假学历的情况下,他们追求自我完善(self-perfection)的做法为许多人所不理解。其实,在西方,上大学攻读学位的中年人屡见不鲜(very common),还有许多人退休后攻读学位,年龄最大的一位女士90多岁才拿到博士学位,所有人都向她表示祝贺。这值得我们对教育观、人才观进行反思(reflect over our views on education and talents)。
美国有很多专门赚钱骗人的野鸡大学(bogus colleges; diploma mills),不少名字挺吓唬人,如American National University、American Central University、American Global University、American South International University、Central State University of New York等。要取得這些学校的文凭(diploma,旧称parchment,也就是学位证书diploma of academic degrees)很容易,不需要上课就可得到成绩单等选课的证明文件,只要交一篇论文就能拿到学位,而且论文可以用中文写,会有人帮你翻译。不少野鸡大学出售各种文凭,有的甚至明码标价(openly list prices),有的学校的“博士学位证书”只要2585美元即可搞定(get it settled)。
野鸡大学之所以有生意,是因为学历造假(fabrication of academic credentials)和我们这个学历社会有关(a society where a diploma is of paramount importance; a society obsessed with academic degrees)。找工作首先要看学历,实际本事反倒排到了第二位。“唯文凭主义”(diploma above everything else)带来的另一个苦果是,不管条件是否成熟,各大学争着招收研究生,因而许多“博士不博”,名不副实(many doctorate holders are not worthy of their academic degrees),说得好听点是“含金量降低”(with much lower gold content,意为without much real worth),也就是学位贬值(devaluation of academic degrees),因此生产出了大量“注水文凭”(diluted diploma,往猪肉里注水是inject water into pork),除了增长人们的虚荣心(vanity)之外,对社会没有任何好处。
有人讽刺现在的大学说:“教授越来越多,教书的越来越少;博士越来越多,博学的越来越少;恋爱的越来越多,恋学的越来越少;钻营的越来越多,钻研的越来越少。”(There are more professors but fewer of them really teach; there are more doctors but fewer of them are really learned; there are more people in universities engaging themselves in courting and love affairs rather than in studying; and there are more people good at seeking personal gains rather than at gaining professional proficiencies.)
还有一个现象,一些人当了官,还要给自己再戴上一顶“博士”的帽子,名片上有个“博士”头衔,脸上也有了光彩(gain good face),被人讽刺为“仕而优则学”(high officials apt to assume academic titles to themselves),不是“学而优则仕”(a good scholar will make a good official)。
要彻底解决这一问题,用人制度(system of employment)须有所改革,更需要社会观念的改变。
2010年在网上走红(a hit on the internet)的“学历姐”和“学历哥”的故事曾引起了很大争议。“学历姐”指华中师大的研究生王丽,她竟然在16年里取得了7个高等院校文凭,包括3个专科(junior college)、3个本科(undergraduate)和1个硕士文凭。她说,如果有机会,她还要争取拿博士学位。“学历哥”指南京航空航天大学54岁的博士生导师朱进东教授,他于2010年考入南京大学,再度成为博士生。在绝大多数人为了功利(fame and wealth; official position and material gain)而攻读学位甚至造假学历的情况下,他们追求自我完善(self-perfection)的做法为许多人所不理解。其实,在西方,上大学攻读学位的中年人屡见不鲜(very common),还有许多人退休后攻读学位,年龄最大的一位女士90多岁才拿到博士学位,所有人都向她表示祝贺。这值得我们对教育观、人才观进行反思(reflect over our views on education and talents)。