目的研究以学校为基础的运动干预对小学生肥胖的效果,为进一步探索我国儿童肥胖的干预模式提供依据。方法研究对象为北京市海淀区5所小学的一~五年级学生1 077名,采用随机整群抽样方法分为干预组和对照组。干预措施是持续1 a、每天1~2次的“快乐10 min”活动以及健康知识宣教;干预前后进行体格检查和问卷调查。应用协方差分析和2χ检验分析干预效果。结果干预组运动知识得分变化值高于对照组,干预组校内主要活动时间的增加大于对照组,干预组学习日及周末静态活动时间的减少大于对照组(P<0.05)。女生干预组腰围增长低于对照组,调整均数差值为-0.88 cm(95%CI=-1.45~-0.31);男生干预组变瘦比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论以学校为基础的运动干预能改善小学生的运动知识、态度和行为,对肥胖相关指标的增长有所控制。 Objective To study the effect of school-based exercise intervention on the obesity of primary school students, and to provide basis for further exploring the intervention model of childhood obesity in our country. Methods The subjects were 1 077 students from 1st to 5th grade in 5 primary schools in Haidian District of Beijing. Random sampling methods were divided into intervention group and control group. The interventions were “happy 10 min” activities lasting 1 a day and 1 ~ 2 times a day, as well as health knowledge and education; physical examination and questionnaire were conducted before and after the intervention. Covariance analysis and 2χ test analysis of intervention effects. Results The scores of exercise knowledge scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group. The main activity time in the intervention group was greater than that in the control group. The decrease of static activity time in the intervention group and the weekend was greater than that in the control group (P <0.05). The increase of waist circumference in girls intervention group was lower than that in control group, and the adjusted mean difference was -0.88 cm (95% CI = -1.45-0.31). The percentage of skin lesions in boys intervention group was higher than that in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion School-based exercise intervention can improve pupils’ motor knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and control the growth of obesity-related indicators.