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为了确定山西省晋南地区冬小麦高产高效的节水灌溉模式,采用田间小区试验,研究了微喷灌(MSI)、滴灌(SDI)和传统漫灌(CK)3种灌溉方式对冬小麦不同生育期的土壤水分变化、生长性状、产量和水分利用效率的影响。其中SDI处理和MSI处理生育期灌水3次,分别为越冬期(12月9日)、拔节期(4月1日)、灌浆期(5月20日),每次灌水量为600 m~3/hm~2;CK按当地灌水习惯,于越冬期和拔节期灌水,每次灌水量为2 250 m~3/hm~2。结果表明,各处理越冬期0~100 cm土层土壤含水率没有明显差异,灌浆期0~80 cm土层土壤含水率表现为SDI处理>MSI处理>CK,MSI处理、SDI处理灌浆期灌水,可满足灌浆期对水分需求,促进籽粒灌浆;与CK相比,SDI处理与MSI处理可以明显增加单株分蘖数和总茎数、促进群体生长,显著增加冬小麦成穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量,因而显著提高了籽粒产量。与CK相比,MSI处理穗粒数、千粒质量分别提高16.54%、5.21%,SDI处理穗粒数、千粒质量分别提高9.10%、11.78%,MSI、SDI处理籽粒产量分别增加了2.79%、3.35%;同时,SDI处理与MSI处理冬小麦生育期的耗水总量分别减少43.88%和41.64%,水分利用效率分别提高了83.15%和77.09%。因此,在山西临汾盆地采用微喷与滴灌可以取得明显的节水高产效果。
In order to determine the high yield and efficiency water-saving irrigation pattern of winter wheat in Jinnan of Shanxi Province, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of three irrigation modes of micro-irrigation (MSI), drip irrigation (SDI) and traditional flood irrigation Water Variations, Growth Traits, Yield and Water Use Efficiency. Among them, SDI treatment and MSI treatment were used to irrigate the fertility stage three times, namely overwintering period (December 9), jointing stage (April 1) and filling stage (May 20), each irrigation amount was 600 m 3 / hm ~ 2; According to the local irrigation habits, CK was irrigated at the overwintering and jointing stages, and the irrigation volume was 2 250 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil water content between 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer during the winter and the soil water content at 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer was SDI> MSI> CK and MSI, Compared with CK, SDI treatment and MSI treatment could significantly increase tiller number per plant and total stems, promote population growth, significantly increase the number of winter wheat ears, grains per spike and thousand Grain quality, thus significantly increasing the grain yield. Compared with CK, the grain yield of MSI was increased by 16.54% and 5.21%, respectively, and the grains per spike of SDI were increased by 9.10% and 11.78% respectively. The grain yield of MSI and SDI increased by 2.79% , 3.35% respectively. Meanwhile, the total water consumption of winter wheat during SDI and MSI treatments decreased by 43.88% and 41.64% respectively, and water use efficiency increased by 83.15% and 77.09% respectively. Therefore, the use of micro-spray and drip irrigation in Linfen basin in Shanxi Province can achieve obvious water-saving and high-yielding effects.