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目的观察重庆医科大学附属儿童医院0~12岁过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患儿吸入性变应原流行变化趋势,为儿童过敏性鼻炎防治方向提供科学依据。方法选取2006年1月至2013年10月就诊于重庆医科大学附属儿童医院耳鼻喉科的重庆地区0~12岁通过皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)确诊的过敏性鼻炎患儿10 983例,按年龄分为幼儿(<3岁)、学龄前儿童(≥3~7岁)、学龄儿童(≥7~12岁)三组。回顾性分析患儿吸入性变应原随时间的流行变化趋势。结果 2006—2013年间重庆医科大学附属儿童医院AR患儿吸入性变应原特应性阳性率呈现先上升后下降的趋势(二次曲线模型:R2=0.836,校正R2=0.770;回归模型的ANOVA检验:F=12.727,P=0.011),且与气象因素有一定相关性;随着年龄增长,屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、蟑螂、猫毛、狗毛、艾蒿阳性率总体上呈上升趋势(分别为121.200、123.060、103.237、104.784、17.042、8.515和11.256;P分别为0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.014和0.004)。结论 AR患儿吸入性变应原特应性阳性率的变化与该地区的气象因素、年龄有一定相关性,且随着年龄的增长,各变应原阳性率有趋势性。
Objective To observe the epidemiological changes of inhalation allergens in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) aged 0 ~ 12 years in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Methods From January 2006 to October 2013, 10 983 children with allergic rhinitis diagnosed by skin prick test (SPT) from 0 to 12 years old were enrolled in otolaryngology department of Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from January 2006 to October 2013. Cases, divided into three groups according to age, young children (<3 years old), preschool children (≥3 to 7 years old), school-age children (≥7 to 12 years old). A retrospective analysis of children with inhaled allergens epidemic trend over time. Results The positive rate of atopic dermatitis inhalation allergens in children with AR at first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2006 to 2013 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing (quadratic curve model: R2 = 0.836, corrected R2 = 0.770; ANOVA (F = 12.727, P = 0.011), and had some correlation with the weather factors. With age, the positive rates of house dust mites, dust mites, tropical mites, cockroaches, cats hair, Up trend (121.200, 123.060, 103.237, 104.784, 17.042, 8.515 and 11.256; P, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.014 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of atopic allergens in children with AR is correlated with the meteorological factors and age in this area. With the increase of age, the positive rate of each allergen has a trend.