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目的了解广州市初中生的零食行为,探讨其影响因素,为学校和相关卫生部门开展零食教育工作提供依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,对广州市天秀初级中学全体在校生进行问卷调查,比较《儿童青少年零食消费指南》知晓程度以及性别对零食行为的影响,并用分类树模型筛选影响因素。结果该校初中生零食消费率为46.3%;良好零食行为习惯形成比率是12.1%～72.6%;对指南认知程度不同的学生在注意零食营养(χ2=18.317,P<0.05)、注意零食保质期(χ2=54.014,P<0.05)、不在上网、看电视时吃零食(χ2=4.799,P<0.05)、不在正餐前/后1～2 h吃零食(χ2=56.147,P<0.05)、不以零食代替正餐(χ2=7.635,P<0.05)等条目上差异有统计学意义;不同性别的学生在大部分的零食行为上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);分类树分析表明:家长态度、每周可用零食费用、对指南的知晓程度和零食包装能够影响初中生每天的零食食用次数。结论初中生良好的零食消费观念和行为还需改善,加强多部门合作,采取多种途径的宣传教育,合理指导初中生零食选择和食用十分重要。
Objective To understand the snack behavior of junior high school students in Guangzhou and to explore the influencing factors, which provide the basis for carrying out snack education in schools and related health departments. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to survey all the students in Tianxiu Junior High School in Guangzhou. The level of awareness of “Children and Adolescents’ Guide to Consumption of Snacks” and the influence of gender on the behavior of snacks were compared, and the influencing factors were screened by classification tree model. Results The rate of snacking for junior high school students was 46.3%. The formation rate of good snack behaviors was 12.1% -72.6%. Students with different degrees of cognitive guidance were paying attention to the snack nutrition (χ2 = 18.317, P <0.05) (χ2 = 54.014, P <0.05). They were not on the Internet and had snacks while watching TV (χ2 = 4.799, P <0.05), and did not eat snacks before and after 1 ~ 2 h There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 7.635, P <0.05). There were significant differences in most of the snack behaviors among students of different genders (P <0.05). Classification tree analysis showed that: Parental attitudes, weekly snack costs, awareness of guidelines, and snack packaging can affect junior high school students’ daily snack consumption. Conclusions There is still a need to improve the concept of good snacks for young students and their behaviors. It is very important to strengthen multi-sectoral cooperation and adopt various channels of publicity and education so as to guide middle school students’ snack selection and consumption rationally.