一百多年前,人们把一类电阻率介于金属和绝缘体之间的物质称作半导体.那时分类的依据并不严格,对这类物质的应用前景也很模糊.在三十年代,量子力学被应用到固体现象后,对半导体才有较严格的了解.四十年代末,用锗制作的晶体管试验成功,电子学学科开始发生了深刻的变革,半导体科学技术得到了广泛应用.近二十多年来,半导体科学技术有了巨大的发展,同时逐步形成了半导体材料研究这样一个综合的半导体研究领域.它包括物理、化 One hundred years ago, a class of substances with a resistivity between the metal and the insulator was called a semiconductor, and the classification was not strictly based at that time and the application prospect of such substances was also vague. In the 1930s, Quantum mechanics has been applied to the solid phenomenon, the semiconductor has a more rigorous understanding of the late 1940s, the transistor made of germanium successfully tested, the electronics began a profound change, semiconductor science and technology has been widely used. Over the past two decades, there has been a tremendous development in semiconductor science and technology, and an integrated semiconductor research field such as semiconductor material research has been gradually formed. It includes physics,