华人是美国历史上唯一曾被国会及联邦政府立法排挤和禁止移民的群体。19世纪美国排华和反华的动机,可说是基于种族、文化和经济三种因素,认为华工文化水平低,生活习惯欠佳,好赌,不讲究卫生。实际上,以爱尔兰裔为主的白人劳工移民,文化水平、卫生习惯比华工好不了多少,他们欺负华工的唯一理由是白皮肤。19世纪80年代,美国朝野酝酿制定排华法案时,清朝政府正值内忧外患,伊犁事变、安南事变、日本吞并琉球,自顾不暇,根本无力保护旅美华工。 The Chinese are the only group in the history of the United States that have been crowded out and banned by the legislatures of Congress and the federal government. In the 19th century, the motives of the United States to exclude China and anti-China can be said to be based on the three factors of race, culture and economy. They think that the laborers have a low level of culture, poor living habits, gamble, and lack of attention to hygiene. In fact, the white Irish-led white laborers, whose literacy and hygiene habits are much better than their Chinese laborers, are the only reason they bully laborers is white skin. In the 1880s, when the U.S. ruling and opposition regimes deliberated and drafted the act of exclusion of China, the Qing government was suffering from internal and external disturbances, the Yili Incident, the Annam Incident and Japan’s annexation of Ryukyu.