Objective: To look for an ideal substance to repair large gap of nerve defect after injury by culture of Schwann cells (Scs) and preparation of acellular allogenous nerve grafts (ANG) with chemical extraction.Methods: The double adhesion culture and Arab-c to prohibit the fibroblast growth were used to achieve high-purified Scs. Triton-x-100 and sodium deoxycholate were used to achieve ANG. Finally the Scs were microinjected into the acellural nerve grafts and cultured in vitro. The consequence was analysed.Results: High purified Scs and ANG were acquired, which could integrate each other well. Scs could survive and transfer to aline in vitro.Conclusions: Populating Scs into chemical extracted ANG may be an ideal substance to repair the large gap of nerve defect after injury.