智能材料是指兼有自我检验(传感器功能)、自我作出结论(信息处理机功能)和自我指令并引起行动的功能(效应器或致动器功能)的材料。智能材料是将以上多种功能集中于材料一体化构造,这一点是与传统利用微探针的智能器件、机器等显然不同。在美国出现的机敏材料“Ｓｍａｒｔｍａｔ Smart materials are materials that have both self-checking (sensor functions), self-conclusions (information processor functions), and self-ordering and acting functions (effectors or actuator functions). Smart material is to focus on the integration of these various functions in the material structure, which is obviously different from the traditional intelligent devices and machines that utilize the micro-probes. Smart material appearing in the United States "Smartmat