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德里达在他后来收入《哲学的边缘》一书的“签名、事件、语境”一文中,曾对约翰·奥斯汀的言语行为理论有过一番推敲。这是一段容易被人忽略的文字,对了解德里达的解构思想却颇为重要。事实上英美哲学界对德里达姗姗来迟的第一个抵制信号,便是1977年美国语言哲学家约翰·塞尔在《雕象》杂志上,就奥斯汀的学说同德里达展开的论争。本文无意急于判定这场笔战孰是孰非,只想就德里达对奥斯汀言语行为理论的解构和批评,对言语行为和文本理解中意义确定所遇到的困难作一探索。
In his later book, Signature, Event, Context, in his book, The Edges of Philosophy, Derrida had some scrutiny of John Austin’s speech act theory. This is a piece of easy-to-ignore text that is important for understanding Derrida’s deconstruction. In fact, the first boycott signal from the philosophical circles in Britain and the United States to Derrida was the controversy with Bradley, the American philosopher John Sellars in 1977, about the doctrine of Austin in Statue. This article is not intended to be eager to determine what is right and what is wrong with this battle, but to explore Derrida ’s deconstruction and criticism of Austin’ s theory of speech acts and to explore the difficulties encountered in determining the meaning of speech acts and texts.