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商品经济的发展和移民的涌入使得明清两湖地区社会流动性空前加强,移民群体引发的社会问题非常突出。在国家财政无能为力、社会保障政策滞后的情况下,民间社会适时地发展出一些积极的应对策略。同乡组织的壮大及其慈善活动的兴盛因之成为明清两湖社会生活中的显著现象,它们在经济发展和社会稳定中发挥了应有的作用,成为明清社会保障体系中的一种重要的民间机制。这种机制生发和成长于中国本土社会,对现阶段中国慈善事业的发展和多支柱社会保障体系的建设有极强的借鉴意义。
The development of commodity economy and the influx of immigrants made the social mobility in both areas of the Ming and Qing dynasties stronger than before. The social problems caused by immigrant groups were prominent. In a situation where the state finance can not do anything and the social security policy lags behind, civil society has developed some timely and proactive strategies. The growth of fellow townspeople and the flourishing of their charitable activities have thus become notable phenomena in the social life of the two lakes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They have played their due role in economic development and social stability and have become an important part of the social security system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Non-governmental mechanism. The development and growth of such a mechanism in the Chinese indigenous community is of great reference to the development of China’s philanthropy and the construction of a multi-pillar social security system at this stage.