发动机叶片常遭受外物的撞击损伤,不同材料的外物撞击损伤存在着差别。采用弹性应力波的传播和基本流体动力学的原理分析超弹性软体和塑性软体外物撞击叶片时的撞击载荷模型。通过在LS-DYNA中就超弹性软体(以橡胶为例)和塑性软体(以明胶为例)外物对叶片的撞击过程进行数值仿真分析。结果表明:在相同的初始撞击能量、相同的撞击速度及相同的撞击入射角度下,橡胶撞击叶片时的撞击接触力幅值较大,但持续时间较明胶撞击时的要短,叶片中的等效应力水平比明胶撞击时的高,故更容易使叶片产生损伤;随着初始撞击速度的增加,橡胶发生碎裂,某些撞击特性与明胶的趋于相近。 Engine blades are often subject to foreign body impact damage, different materials, the impact of foreign body damage there is a difference. Using the principle of elastic wave propagation and basic hydrodynamics, the impact load model of the hyperelastic software and the plastic soft object impacting the blade is analyzed. The simulation of the impact process of the blade by LS-DYNA was carried out by using the hyperelastic software (rubber as an example) and the plastic software (gelatin as an example). The results show that under the same initial impact energy, the same impact velocity and the same angle of incidence and impact, the contact force of impact on the blade is larger, but the duration is shorter than that of the gelatin impact, The effective stress level is higher than gelatin impact, so it is more likely to cause damage to the leaves. As the initial impact velocity increases, the rubber fragments, and some of the impact characteristics and gelatin tend to be similar.