怎样理解恩格斯关于早期基督教的一些论述李士菊１关于宗教及其历史发展问题的研究，马克思没有留下专门的著作，这一任务是由恩格斯承担的。恩格斯对宗教问题的研究几乎抱有毕生的兴趣，并以其关于早期基督教的专著以及历史和哲学著作中对宗教问题的比较系统地阐述，给这个知识领域作出了最丰富的贡献，其中，宗教与共产主义关系的思想是恩格斯贡献的一个重要方面。然而在当代对这一问题的研究中，有一种观点很值得注意。这就是一些西方资产阶级学者的“等同论”。他们把共产主义和宗教说成是一个东西。他们武断地说，共产主义就是宗教。如法国的“荒谬哲学”家阿尔贝·加级、美国的Ｒ·塔克等人就在对共产主义与基督教的“比较研究”的外衣下，声称找到了二者的“共同点”，认为，基督教与共产主义作为两种学说共有一种世界观，因为二者都是统一而包罗万象的；基督教和共产主义中都有一种“历史哲学”，因为基督教提出了人的堕落和赎罪，共产主义则指出了无产阶级的苦难和解放，共产主义未来的图景与基督教世界末日的图景是完全相同的，因为二者都用信仰“吸引被压迫者”并指导他们去战斗，云云。这种抛开二者在内容、性质、世界观和所代表的阶级的比较，仅仅诉诸于外在特征的简单的穿凿附会的抽象类 How to Understand Engels Some Remarks on Early Christianity SHU Shi-ju 1 Regarding the study of religion and its historical development, Marx did not leave any special books. This task was borne by Engels. Engels has almost a lifelong interest in the study of religious issues and, more systematically, elaborates on religious issues in his monographs on early Christianity and in his historical and philosophical writings, and makes the richest contribution to this field of knowledge, of which religion The idea of ​​communism is an important aspect of Engels’s contribution. However, in contemporary research on this issue, one viewpoint is worth noting. This is the “equivalence” of some Western bourgeois scholars. They described communism and religion as one thing. They arbitrarily say that communism is religion. Such as France’s “absurd philosophy” home Albert Plus, the United States R. Tucker and others on the communism and Christianity “comparative study” under the cover, claiming to find the “common ground” between the two, that Both Christianity and communism share a common view of the world as both are united and all-encompassing. Both Christianity and communism have a “philosophy of history” because Christianity proposes the fall of people and atonement, while communism Pointing out the misery and liberation of the proletariat. The picture of the future of communism is exactly the same as the picture of the doomsday of Christianity because both use the belief of “attracting the oppressed” and guiding them to battle. This kind of throw away from the content, nature, world view and the class represented by comparison, only resorted to the simple extroverted abstract features of external features