近年来，以朊粒为病原体的一系列疾病即朊疾病愈来愈引起人们的观注，特别是其极强的传染性和极高的致死率引起相关学科的研究热潮。文章综述了朊粒及朊疾病的发现历史、朊粒的生物学特性、人类各种朊疾病的发病情况及实验室诊断的研究。希望对人们认识、预防朊疾病有所帮助。 In recent years, prion diseases as a series of diseases that cause more and more attention to the concept of prion disease, especially its high infectivity and high mortality caused by the related disciplines research craze. The article reviews the history of the discovery of prion and prion diseases, the biological characteristics of prion, the incidence of various human prion diseases and laboratory diagnosis. Hope that people know, prevent disease of prion helps.