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地震是油气田普查勘探的有效方法,测井是确定油气层的重要手段。以往,地震勘深着重于寻找构造,随着油气田普查勘探的不断深入,要求应用地震勘探方法寻找地层的岩性圈闭。鉴于测井资料在纵向上有较高的分辨率,而地震在横向上有较高的分辨率,二者的结合在客观上就显得十分必要。地震资料解释中的速度,特别是层速度,是一个最基本的参数。声波测井的出现,是钻井中求取速度的有效方法,这是测井与地震相结合的最基本的前提。密度测井可以直接求取地层密度值。密度和速度,可以提供地层波阻抗、反射系数等一系列参数,这些参数是岩性地震解释中所必不可少的。由此,可以作合成地震记录,即解正演问题,或作反演进行虚测井研究等。这样就为确定地层岩性圈闭提供充分的资料和依据。本文综合国内外有关文献,阐明测井与地震结合的原理与方法以及开展此项工作的必要性。
Earthquakes are an effective method for census exploration in oil and gas fields. Logging is an important means of determining oil and gas layers. In the past, seismic surveys focused on structural search. With the deepening of general investigation and exploration of oil and gas fields, it is required to use seismic exploration methods to find lithologic traps of stratigraphy. In view of the higher resolution of logging data in the vertical direction and the higher resolution of the seismic in the horizontal direction, the combination of the two is objectively necessary. Seismic data interpretation of the speed, especially layer velocity, is a basic parameter. The emergence of sonic logging is an effective way to get the speed in drilling, which is the most basic premise of logging and seismic combination. Density logging can directly calculate the formation density value. The density and velocity provide a series of parameters such as the formation impedance and reflection coefficient. These parameters are indispensable for lithological seismic interpretation. As a result, synthetic seismograms can be obtained, that is, the problem of solving the problem of orthodox evolution or the research of virtual logging for inversion. This will provide ample information and basis for the determination of stratigraphic lithologic traps. In this paper, the relevant literature at home and abroad, to clarify the combination of logging and seismic principles and methods and the need to carry out this work.