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目的:比较不同海拔高度下健康人群肺功能指标的变化,为低氧环境对人体肺功能损伤的机理与发病规律提供理论依据。方法:分别选择平原对照组(西安,海拔356m)建筑工人93名、中海拔组(西宁,海拔2 260m)76名、高海拔组(拉萨,3 650m)65名、特高海拔组(唐古拉山,海拔5 072m)55名,测定其肺功能指标,观察不同海拔高度下肺功能的变化情况。结果:高海拔组与特高海拔组MVV、VC较平原对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),特高海拔组的FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/VC值较平原对照组明显下降(P<0.05),而FEF25%~FEF75%、Vmax25%、Vmax75%VT、ERV、PEF等指标则明显高于平原对照组(P<0.05),MV值高于平原对照组(P<0.05),ERV低于平原对照组(P<0.05)。高海拔组、特高海拔组的ERV、MV、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、MVV、PEF、SaO2值较中海拔组明显升高(P<0.05)。血氧饱和度(SaO2)随海拔升高呈逐渐下降趋势。结论:高海拔低氧环境下人的肺通气指标多数低于平原对照组,肺功能明显下降。
Objective: To compare the changes of lung function indexes of healthy population at different altitudes to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism and pathogenesis of lung function damage in hypoxic environment. Methods: Ninety-three construction workers were selected from plain control group (356m above sea level in Xi’an), 76 in mid-elevation group (2 260m), 65 in high altitude group (Lhasa, 3 650m), 65 in extra-high altitude group , Altitude 5 072m) 55, measured its lung function indicators observed at different altitudes changes in lung function. Results: The MVV and VC of high altitude group and extra-high altitude group were significantly lower than those of the plain control group (P <0.05), while the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC and FEV1 / (P <0.05), but the indexes of FEF25% ~ FEF75%, Vmax25%, Vmax75% VT, ERV and PEF were significantly higher than those in plain control group (P <0.05) P <0.05), ERV was lower than that of plain control group (P <0.05). The values of ERV, MV, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, MVV, PEF and SaO2 in high altitude group and extra-high altitude group were significantly higher than those in middle altitude group (P <0.05). Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) decreased gradually with altitude. CONCLUSION: Most of the human lung ventilation indexes are lower than that of the plain control group in high altitude and hypoxia environment, and lung function is obviously decreased.