作为中国共产党第一代领导集体核心的毛泽东与第二代领导集体核心的邓小平,在新中国成立后发展社会主义农村社会生产力方面都进行了不懈的努力与探索,其中毛泽东所推行的人民公社制以及邓小平所推动实施的家庭联产承包责任制都是这种努力与探索的反映。从人民公社制与家庭联产承包责任制的对比考察中看,毛泽东与邓小平发展农村社会生产力的做法既有其相同之处,也有其不同之处。 Mao Zedong, the core of the first generation of collective leadership of CPC, and Deng Xiaoping, the core of the second generation of collective leadership, made unremitting efforts and exploration in developing social productive forces in rural areas after the founding of new China. Among them, the people’s commune system promoted by Mao Zedong And the household contract responsibility system promoted by Deng Xiaoping are all such efforts and explorations. From the comparative study of people’s commune system and household contract responsibility system, both the similarities and differences between Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping’s development of rural social productive forces have their own differences.