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胎儿是人的生命的原始阶段,胎儿的利益应当受到社会的保护的。从事实的角度看,胎儿是“潜在的人”;从规范的角度看,传统权利能力理论使胎儿保护陷入困境。国内学者基于国外立法实践的解读,将胎儿保护理论划分为“肯定说”和“否定说”。笔者认为,在理论上立法上不应赋予胎儿权利能力,尽管如此,胎儿利益仍是可以得以充分保护的。胎儿与自然人具有生物意义上的同一性,这种同一性在法律上主要是见于身体利益、生命利益、身份利益的在物质载体上的同一性、延续性。因此胎儿利益保护的着重点在于对胎儿人身权益的保护。“预先保护说”和“延伸保护说”对胎儿法益保护都能提供理论根据。
Fetus is the primitive stage of human life, the interests of the fetus should be socially protected. From a practical point of view, the fetus is “potential person ”; from the normative point of view, the traditional theory of rights and powers to fetal protection in trouble. Domestic scholars based on the interpretation of the practice of foreign legislation, the theory of fetal protection is divided into “positive ” and “negative ”. The author believes that in theory the law should not be given the rights of the fetus, in spite of this, the interests of the fetus can still be fully protected. Fetus and natural persons have the biological significance of identity, this identity is mainly seen in the law of the interests of the body, the interests of life, the interests of identity in the material carrier of identity, continuity. Therefore, the protection of the interests of the fetus focus on the protection of fetal rights and interests. “Pre-protection said ” and “Extended protection ” can provide a theoretical basis for the protection of fetal legal protection.