在各国竞争法体系中，一般都在反垄断法中规定了“除外制度”（又称适用除外或适用豁免），即对于原本属于违反竞争法的事项不予追究。这些“除外”领域是受到法律保护的、允许排除竞争的特别行业或特定行为。在立法形式上，有的国家直接规定在反垄断法中，如德国的卡特尔法。 In the competition law systems in various countries, the “exclusion system” (also known as applicable exemption or applicable exemption) is generally stipulated in the antitrust law, which means that matters that are originally contrary to the competition law are not investigated. These “excepted” areas are legally protected, allowing exclusion of competing special trades or specific conduct. In the legislative form, some countries directly regulate the antitrust laws, such as the German cartel law.