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油菜安全越冬是确保丰产的关键。预防油菜冻害可采取如下四措施:一、清沟排渍。经常清理沟内淤泥、降低地下水位、提高地温,促进油菜生长,可增强油菜自身的抵抗力。二、培土壅蔸。冬季结合中耕,清沟进行培土壅根,可以改善土壤环境,疏松土壤,增厚根系土层,增加地温,对提高油菜抗寒性有积极的作用。尤其是高脚培土壅根后,使根茎变短,有利于提高油菜抗寒风侵袭的能力。三、重施腊肥。施腊肥有利于改善土壤物理性能,增加地温,减低土壤冻层厚度,防冻保暖作用显著。一般在小寒前,每亩施优质土杂肥1500～2000公斤或猪牛粪20～30担。四、喷施硼肥、增施磷钾肥。油菜缺硼,发育不良,萎缩不长,抗性降低。在苗期可喷施1～2次0.2％硼肥,可以提高油菜抗寒能力,每亩用过磷酸钙20～30公斤,草木灰250公斤,结合中耕将肥埋入土内。
Safe winter rape is the key to ensure high yield. Prevention of rapeseed injury can take the following four measures: First, clear ditch row of stains. Often clean the ditch silt, reduce groundwater levels, improve ground temperature, promote rape growth, rape can enhance their own resistance. Second, earth 壅 蔸. Combining with cultivating and clearing the ditch in winter, it can improve the soil environment, loosen the soil, thicken the root soil layer, increase the ground temperature, and play a positive role in improving the cold resistance of rapeseed. In particular, after high-footed soil, root rhizomes become shorter, which helps to improve the ability of the rape to resist cold wind attack. Third, re-apply manure. Spraying fertilizer is beneficial to improve the physical properties of soil, increase the ground temperature, reduce the thickness of soil freezing layer, and have a significant antifreeze and warmth effect. In general before the Osamu, high-quality Shi Tu fertilizer per acre 1500 ~ 2000 kg or pig manure 20 to 30 Tam. Fourth, spraying boron, increased phosphorus and potassium. Rape lack of boron, dysplasia, atrophy is not long, resistance decreased. In the seedling stage can be sprayed 1 or 2 times 0.2% boron fertilizer, rape can improve the ability of cold, per acre with superphosphate 20 to 30 kg, 250 kg of ash, combined with manure buried in the soil.