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Aim:To investigate the possible correlation of nucleophosmin/B23 expression with bladder carcinoma recurrence.Methods:Surgically-resected bladder tumors staged pTa to pT4 were examined for nucleophosmin/B23 expression by immuno-histochemistry.The study group consisted of 132 consecutive patients surgi-cally treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between December 1998 and No-vember 1999.The mean follow up was 72 months (range:48-84 months).Results:Nuclear nucleophosmin/B23 staining was detected in 96% of advanced stage and poorly-differentiated tumors.Higher nucleophosmin/B23 levels were linked to more advanced tumor stages,grades,poor prognosis,and likelihood of recur-rence (P<0.05).The Cox multivariate analysis indicated the nucleophosmin/B23 expression as an independent indicator for tumor recurrence (P=0.009).Conclusion:The results suggest that nucleophosmin/B23 is a favorable prognos-tic indicator for bladder cancer.Nucleophosmin/B23 could be a useful molecular tumor marker for predicting bladder cancer recurrence.