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伴随着武力征服的19世纪全球化以市场全球化为主要表现形式,其中成瘾性消费品扮演了重要角色。在中国被卷入此次大规模的全球化过程中,茶叶贸易和鸦片贸易的作用最为突出。英国国内茶叶需求的迅速增长以及茶税对英国财政的重要性,使英中贸易成为英国在东方最主要的贸易;为了弥补同中国的贸易逆差,英国利用印度殖民地全力发展对华鸦片贸易。在英国—中国—印度三角贸易中,英国是主宰,印度是工具,中国是最终的牺牲品。面对不可阻挡的全球化趋势,中国没有做好应战的准备,甚至没有应战的意识,这导致在战场和商战中全面失败,从而导致19世纪的全面危机。
The globalization of the 19th century, accompanied by the conquest of force, took the globalization of the market as its main manifestation. Among them, the addictive consumer goods played an important role. In the process of China being involved in this large-scale globalization, tea trade and opium trade have the most prominent roles. The rapid growth of domestic tea demand in the United Kingdom and the importance of tea tax to the British treasury made the UK-China trade the most important trade in the East. In order to make up for the trade deficit with China, the United Kingdom used the Indian colonies to make every effort to develop the opium trade with China. In the UK-China-India triangle trade, Britain is the master, India is the tool, and China is the ultimate victim. In the face of the irresistible trend of globalization, China has failed to prepare itself for any response to the war and even has no sense of fighting it. This has led to the total failure in the battlefield and the commercial war, resulting in a full-scale crisis in the 19th century.