针对甘肃春蚕豆栽培中干旱缺水、热害、土壤贫瘠、板结及病害严重等不利生态条件，采用蚕豆播后覆盖麦草秸秆还田的方法，系统研究了蚕豆覆草栽培的整体功能效应。结果表明，覆草后改善了土壤物理、化学和生物学性状，促进了水、肥、气、热诸因素的协调发展，尤其有明显的保水增肥效应。每0．07hm2覆草3O0～400kg，一个月后可使蓄积水量增加17．7～22．3mm；一个生长季后，土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮含量分别增加5.2、40．0、15．7个百分点；土壤紧实度明显降低，空隙度加大，防止了地表板结，高温期可防热害；每公顷可增收蚕豆864kg，并为下季主茬作物增产创造了有利条件。实验认为，蚕豆采用合理的覆草栽培方式，可随着豆、粮轮作年限的延长,使土壤逐步纳入种养结合的良性循环轨道，大大提高经济和生态效益。 Aiming at the unfavorable ecological conditions such as drought and water shortage, heat infestation, poor soil quality, serious compaction and serious diseases in the broad bean cultivation of Gansu Province, this paper systematically studied the overall functional effect of straw mulching with straw mulching. The results showed that after mulching, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were improved, and the coordinated development of various factors such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat was promoted, especially water and fertilizer effects were obvious. Per 0.07 hm2 grass cover 3O0 ~ 400kg, after a month can make the accumulation of water increased by 17.7 ~ 22.3mm; a growing season, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 5.2,40.0,15. 7 percentage points; Soil compaction was significantly reduced porosity increased, preventing the surface compaction, high temperature can be anti-heat; Vicia faba per hectare can be increased 864kg, and for the next crop of staple crops to create favorable conditions. Experiments show that the use of reasonable coverage of broad bean cultivation methods, with the beans, grain rotation for extended periods, so that the soil gradually integrated into the virtuous cycle of planting and raising, greatly improving economic and ecological benefits.